The Atonement

~The Atonement~

Ambrose, Aurelius of Milan (c.340–397) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• Ambrose on Christ’s Suffering

Appleton, Nathaniel (1693–1784) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Chamberlain Writings: N/A

• Nathaniel Appleton on the Will of God and the Death of Christ 

Athanasius of Alexandria (c.296–373) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• An Interesting Athanasius Quote on Christ’s Incarnation

Atkinson, Benjamin Andrews (c.1680–1765) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: N/A

• Benjamin Andrews Atkinson on God’s Good-Will for All Men

Augustine of Hippo (354–430) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• Augustine Quotes on Christ’s Death
• Augustine (via Aquinas) on Christ’s Scars
• Augustine on God’s Love and the Son’s Dying for Men 

Ball, Thomas (1590–1659) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Ball on the Discussion Between John Preston and Francis White on Redemption

Bates, William (1625–1699) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• William Bates on the Judgment of the Wicked 
• William Bates on the Perfection of Christ’s Sacrifice
• William Bates on Baxter’s Middle-Way
• William Bates on Despising Redeeming Mercy 

Baxter, Richard (1615–1691) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Richard Baxter on Christ’s Death for Those Already in Hell
• Richard Baxter: Shedd His Blood in Vain? 
• Richard Baxter on Universal Redemption 
• Richard Baxter: Unlimited Expiation Implies an Imperfect Redeemer?
• Richard Baxter on Christ’s Prayer in John 17
• Richard Baxter on the Old Sufficiency/Efficiency Solution 
• Richard Baxter Answers the Double Payment Question
• Richard Baxter on the World in 2 Cor. 5:19 
• Richard Baxter on Augustine and Redemption
• Richard Baxter’s Notes on 1 Timothy 2:5–6 

Becon, Thomas (c.1512–1567) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, Brook Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Becon on the World as Mankind in John 3:16

Bernard, Nicholas (†1661) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• Nicholas Bernard Describing Ussher’s View on Universal Redemption

†Bridge, William (1600–1670) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• William Bridge Describing Augustine’s Atonement Views

Bullinger, Heinrich (1504–1575) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Heinrich Bullinger on Christ’s Expiation

Bunyan, John (1628–1688) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• John Bunyan on the Heart of the Saviour
• John Bunyan’s Reprobation Asserted

Burroughs, Jeremiah (c.1600–1646) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, Writings: PRDL

• Jeremiah Burroughs on Means to Draw Sinners to Christ

Calamy, Edmund (1600–1666) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Edmund Calamy as Recorded in the Minutes of the Westminster Assembly

Calvin, John (1509–1564) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Flynn's Calvin Bomb With Quotes from Calvin’s Sermons on Acts 1–7
• An Excellent John Calvin Quote on Redeemed Souls Perishing
• One of My Favorite John Calvin Quotes: On Romans 5:18
• A Few John Calvin Quotes on the Extent of Christ’s Sufferings
• Even More from John Calvin on the Extent of Christ’s Sufferings
• Yet More from John Calvin on Redeemed Souls Perishing
• John Calvin on John 3:16

Carey, William (1761–1834) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• A Sample of William Carey’s Gospel Message

Carroll, B. H. (1843–1914) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• B. H. Carroll on “Christ’s Atonement and Paul’s Prayer”

Charnock, Stephen (1628–1680) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Stephen Charnock on the Bruised Redeemer 
• Stephen Charnock on Common Love and the Death of Christ 
• Stephen Charnock on 2 Peter 2:1
• Flynn’s Citation of Stephen Charnock 
• Stephen Charnock on the Redeemer’s Voluntary Suffering 
• Stephen Charnock on Christ Weeping and Bleeding for Sinners
• Stephen Charnock Referencing Amyraut

Clagett, Nicholas (c.1610–1663) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB

• Nicholas Clagett on “Wasters of the Time of Grace”

Dabney, R. L. (1820–1898) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• R. L. Dabney on John 3:16 
• R. L. Dabney on the Atonement Term 
• R. L. Dabney on the Nature of Christ’s Sacrifice

Dagg, J. L. (1794–1884) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• J. L. Dagg on Other Forms of “Particular Redemption”

Daillé, Jean (1594–1670) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Jean Daillé on the Greatness of Man’s Corruption in Rejecting God

Davenant, John (1572–1641) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• John Davenant on John 3:16 
• John Davenant on Colossians 
• John Davenant’s Picture 
• John Davenant on Romans 8:32 
• John Davenant on the Greatest Love Argument

Davies, Samuel (1723–1761) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• Samuel Davies on Christ Begging

Dekker, Harold (1918–2006) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: The Banner

• Harold Dekker on Divine Love

Denison, Stephen (†1649) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: N/A Writings: PRDL

• Stephen Denison on the Son’s Sufficient Redemption

Dingley, Robert (1619–1659) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB, Brook

• Robert Dingley’s Exhortation to Those Especially in a Natural State

Doolittle, Thomas (1630–1707) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Doolittle Pleading with Sinners

Douty, Norman F. (1899–1993) Bio: Wiki

• Norman F. Douty Describes Dualism
• Norman F. Douty on Double Payment

Edwards, Jonathan (1703–1758) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Jonathan Edwards on Christ’s Suffering
• An Excellent Jonathan Edwards Quote on Redemption
• Jonathan Edwards on Sinners Rejecting Dying Love
• Jonathan Edwards on Christ Laying Down His Life for Those That Will Be Damned 
• More from Jonathan Edwards on Redemption
• Jonathan Edwards on the Possibility of Salvation 
• Jonathan Edwards on the Difference Christ’s Redemption Makes for the Generality of Mankind
• Jonathan Edwards’s Exhortation to Unbelievers from His Sermon on God's Glorious Grace 

Farel, William (1489–1565) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• William Farel Quote on Jesus’s Death in J. H. D’Aubigne

Fenner, William (1600–1640) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• William Fenner on the Salvability of Mankind

Flavel, John (1630–1691) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• John Flavel on the Pains of Christ 
• John Flavel: A Moderate Calvinist?

†Ford, Thomas (1598–1674) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Ford on the Death of Christ and the Sinner’s Self-Condemnation

Fuller, Andrew (1754–1815) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Andrew Fuller Against Commercialism

†Greenhill, William (1591–1671) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• The Bold Proclamation in William Greenhill

Gwalther, Rudolf (1519–1586) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Rudolf Gwalther on Christ’s Death for All

Hacon, Joseph (1603–1662) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Massingham Parva Writings: N/A

• Joseph Hacon on the Extent and Intent of Christ’s Death

Hickman, Henry (†1692) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Henry Hickman Responds to Thomas Pierce on Universal Redemption
• Henry Hickman’s Reply to Peter Heylin on John Hooper, Hugh Latimer, John Calvin, and Reprobation 

Hobson, Paul (†1666) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Paul Hobson Affirming Christ’s Death for Every Man

Hodge, Charles (1797–1878) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• Charles Hodge on 1 John 2:2
• Charles Hodge on John 3:16 and the Design of God to Render the Salvation of All Men Possible

Homes, Nathanael (1599–1678) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Nathanael Homes on Christ’s Universal Satisfaction

Hopkins, Ezekiel (1634–1690) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Ezekiel Hopkins on Christ Dying for Those Condemned on the Last Day
• Ezekiel Hopkins on the Saveability of All Men by the All-Sufficient Death of Christ

Howe, John (1630–1705) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• John Howe Exhorting Pretend Christians 
• John Howe Speaking to the Devils Captives 
• John Howe Allusions to 2 Peter 2:1
• John Howe on What the Gospel Reveals
• John Howe on the Design of Christ’s Death 
• John Howe Exhorting Unbelievers 
• John Howe on Blood Guiltiness

Humfrey, John (1621–1719) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• John Humfrey on Redemption
• More from John Humfrey on Redemption
• A Few Historical References by John Humfrey on the Redemption Controversy
• John Humfrey’s Classical Christology as it Relates to the Atonement 
• John Humfrey on the Purchase of Faith

Jenison, Robert (c.1584–1652) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB

• Robert Jenison on the Death of Christ and God’s Will

Kimedoncius, Jacobus (c.1550–1596) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: None Writings: PRDL

• Jacobus Kimedoncius Addressing “An Impudent Reproach”

Kingsmill, Andrew (1538–1569) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Brook Writings: PRDL

• Andrew Kingsmill on Christ’s Question to Judas

Kuyper, Abraham (1837–1920) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: WikiWiki Writings: N/A

• Abraham Kuyper on the Indiscriminate Gospel Proclamation and Christ’s Ransom as “Sufficient for You”

Lamb, Thomas (†1686) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB, Brook, M&S Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Lamb on Christ’s Death for All as a Ground to Preach to All
• Thomas Lamb’s First Words to the Reader in A Treatise of Particular Predestination
• From Thomas Lamb’s Preface to the Reader in the Book Absolute Freedom from Sin by Christ’s Death for the World
• Thomas Lamb on Salvation Available in Christ for All 
• Thomas Lamb’s Crucial Agreement with Goodwin
• More from Thomas Lamb on Christ’s Death for All

Langley, Samuel (d.1694) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: N/A Writings: N/A

• Samuel Langley on the Death of Christ and the Lord’s Supper

Larkham, Thomas (1602–1669) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB

• Thomas Larkham on Christ’s Sufficient Satisfaction for the Sins of the Whole World

Latimer, Hugh (c.1487–1555) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Hugh Latimer on Christ’s Blood

Lever, Thomas (1521–1577) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, Brook Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Lever on Christ’s Blood Shed to Save All Men

Lobb, Stephen (c.1647–1699) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Stephen Lobb on Christ’s Sufferings

Lorimer, William (1640–1722) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: FAE Writings: PRDL

• William Lorimer on the Theology and History of the Middle-Way Controversy

Luther, Martin (1483–1546) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Martin Luther on Christ’s Sacrifice for the Sins of the Whole World
• Martin Luther on John 3:16
• Selections from Martin Luther’s Gospel for the Twelfth Sunday after Trinity on Mark 7:31–37
• Martin Luther on John 3:16–21
• An Excerpt from Martin Luther’s Second Sermon on Mark 7:31–37
• Martin Luther on John 1:29
• Miscellaneous Quotes from Martin Luther Related to the Love of God and the Death of Christ for the Sins of the Whole World and the Human Race

Maden, Richard (c.1591–1677) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: N/A Writings: PRDL

• Richard Maden’s Moderate Calvinism

Martinius, Matthias (1572–1630) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Edward Griffin Quoting Matthias Martinius
• Robert Godfrey on Matthias Martinius

Mayer, John (1583–1664) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• John Mayer on 1 Tim. 2:4–6
• John Mayer’s Explanation of the Redemption of All Mankind in the Catechism

Mayhew, Experience (1673–1758) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Experience Mayhew’s Dualism and Appeal to William Twisse

McCheyne, R. M. (1813–1843) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB

• Robert Murray McCheyne on Christ’s Sufficiency and Willingness to Save All

More, John (†1592) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• John More on Christ’s Sufficient Death for the World

Nettleton, Asahel (1783–1844) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, Nettles Writings: Tyler

• Asahel Nettleton on 2 Corinthians 5:20
• Asahel Nettleton on Romans 2:4
• Remaining Quotes by Asahel Nettleton on the Free Offer and the Death of Christ 

Newton, George (1602–1681) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, Brook

• George Newton on the Sin of Unbelief, the Father Begging, and the Son’s Death for Mankind

Pinke, William (c.1599–1629) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB, Brook Writings: PRDL

• William Pinke on the Sum and Scope of Christianity
• William Pinke on Christ’s Fair Offers of Salvation 

Polhill, Edward (1622–1694) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• Edward Polhill on the Universal Terms in Relation to Christ’s Death 
• Edward Polhill on God’s Will of Salvation and the Death of Christ 
• Edward Polhill on the Extent of the Gospel Commission and the Death of Christ 
• Edward Polhill on Christ’s Satisfaction and Unequal Love in God 
• Edward Polhill on the Unmortified Man
• Edward Polhill on the Sufficiency of Christ’s Death for All
• Edward Polhill on Christ’s Satisfaction and Unequal Love in God
• Edward Polhill's Essay on the Extent of Christ’s Death 

Preston, John (1587–1628) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Thomas Ball on the Discussion Between John Preston and Francis White on Redemption 

Prosper of Aquitaine (c.390–c.455) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• From Prosper's Defense of Augustine  

Rollock, Robert (c.1555–1599) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Robert Rollock Making the “Bold Proclamation”  

†Rous, Francis (1579–1659) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Francis Rous on Christ’s Sufficient Ransom for All

Ryle, John Charles (1816–1900) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• J. C. Ryle on John 3:16
• J. C. Ryle on John 6:32 
• J. C. Ryle on John 6:27
• On Ryle’s Gospel and What We “Ought” to Say 
• J. C. Ryle’s Expository Thoughts on the Gospels

Scott, Thomas (1747–1821) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• Thomas Scott on the Death of Christ for All and Presumption 

Scudder, Henry (c.1585–1652) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Henry Scudder’s Dualistic View of Christ's Death
• Henry Scudder on God’s Love

Shedd, W. G. T. (1820–1894) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki

• W. G. T. Shedd on the Atonement 

Spring, Gardiner (1785–1873) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, M&S

• Gardiner Spring on the Accessibility of the Cross to All

Stalham, John (d.1681) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: N/A Writings: N/A

• John Stalham on Paul Testard’s Atonement Views

Superville, Daniel de (1657–1728) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Daniel de Superville on Christ’s Offers

Swinnock, George (1627–1673) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• George Swinnock on Christ’s Death, His Willingness to Save and the “Well Offered” Gospel 
• George Swinnock on What Will Aggravate the Misery of the Damned

Testard, Paul (1594–1650) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: None Writings: PRDL

• Paul Testard’s Dualism  

Travers, Walter (c.1548–1635) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Walter Travers on the Solemn Commemoration of the Death of Christ  

Truman, Joseph (1631–1671) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: DNB Writings: PRDL

• Joseph Truman on Christ's Satisfaction

Twisse, William (1578–1646) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• William Twisse Quote on Christ’s Death for All
• William Twisse on Universal Redemption

Ursinus, Zacharias (1534–1583) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• The Heidelberg Catechism and Zacharias Ursinus
• Zacharias Ursinus on Christ’s Satisfaction

Ussher, James (1581–1656) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Bishop James Ussher on the Atonement 
• More from James Ussher on the Extent of the Atonement
• James Ussher: Christ Offered For You and To You

Various Authors:

• Mitchell and Struthers on the Westminster Debates on Redemption 
• Griffin Quoting Two More Bremen Delegates to the Synod of Dort 
• The Design of the Atonement: Dealing with a Popular False Dilemma 
• Tony Lane Quote 
• Double Jeopardy? 
• Did Christ Die for Those Who Perished in the OT? 
• On Penal Substitution 
• Curt Daniel on Calvin and Heshusius 
• Alan Clifford on Calvin and Heshusius 
• Thomas on Calvin and Heshusius 
• Curt Daniel: On the Disunity in the Godhead Argument
• Westminster Stats 
• More Observations from the Writings of Richard Muller 
• J. L. Dagg on Other Forms of “Particular Redemption” 
• Ralph Wardlaw on the Extent of the Atonement
• Steve Costley on Calvin, Heshusius and “Limited Atonement”
• Robert A. Peterson and Michael D. Williams on Weak Calvinist Arguments for Limited Atonement
• Michael J. Lynch on “Early Modern Hypothetical Universalism: Reflections on the Status Quaestionis and Modern Scholarship”  
• James Morison and the Argument from 1 Cor. 15:3
• Lawrence Proctor on Amyraut’s “Equally for All”
• Paul Hartog on John Calvin and the Extent of the Atonement
• James Swan on Martin Luther and the Extent of the Atonement  
• Richard Muller’s Clarification on the Question of  Limited Atonement in History and Its Background
• Andrew Broaddus on the Extent of the Atonement
• Curt Daniel on Bunyan, Luther, Zwingli, Bullinger, and Two Reformed Confessions 
• Curt Daniel on the Connection Between the “All” of the Atonement and the “Revealed Salvific Will of God”
• Daniel Turner on Edward Polhill, John Howe, and Isaac Watts 
• Stephen Strehle on Martin Luther’s View of the Extent of the Atonement
• Stephen Strehle on Calvin’s View of the Extent of the Atonement 
• From the English Delegation’s Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury (March 21, 1618) on the Extent of Redemption
• John Hannah on Issues of Calvinism at DTS and S. Lewis Johnson’s Departure 
• Robert Letham on Bullinger’s View of the Extent of the Atonement
• Robert Letham on the Compromise at Dort
• W. Lindsay Alexander’s Criticism of Owenism
• The Psalgrave Confession on the Death of Christ and the Earnest Will of God 
• Robert Godfrey on the Path to Compromise at the Synod of Dort
• Michael Lynch on John Davenant’s Life and Impact 

Vermigli, Peter Martyr (1499–1562) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Peter Martyr Vermigli on Christ’s Sufficient Redemption 
• Peter Martyr Vermigli Quote

†Vines, Richard (c.1600–1656) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, Brook Writings: PRDL

• Richard Vines on God’s Drawing and Christ’s Atonement

†Walker, George (1581–1651) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, Brook Writings: PRDL

• George Walker on the Death of Christ

Ward, Samuel (1577–1640) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Samuel Ward: The “Semi-Arminian” Synodist

Watts, Isaac (1674–1748) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB Writings: PRDL

• Isaac Watt’s Dualistic View of the Atonement

Woodbridge, Benjamin (1622–1684) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, DNB, BS Writings: PRDL

• Benjamin Woodbridge’s View on the Extent and Effect of the Death of Christ

Witherspoon, John (1723–1794) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki, M&S Writings: PRDL

• John Witherspoon on the Extent of Christ’s Death

Zwingli, Ulrich (1484–1531) Citation(s): Tag/Label Bio: Wiki Writings: PRDL

• Ulrich Zwingli on Christ’s Death

_______________

See also the index on “For Whom Did Christ Die?” at the Calvin and Calvinism blog here (click). Below is the same list that can be found there as of 4-7-2016.

For Whom Did Christ Die?

I. Early Church and Medieval Patristics

1. Justin Martyr (100–165): Selective Suggestive Comments Regarding the Work of Christ
2. Cyril of Jerusalem (313–386) on the Death of Christ
3. Ambrose of Milan (337–397): the Source of an Idea
4. Hilary of Poitiers (300–368): Suggestive Comments Regarding the Scope of the Redemptive Work of Christ
5. Athanasius (293–373) on the Incarnation
6. Chrysostom (347–407) on the Death of Christ
7. Jerome (347–420) on the Death of Christ
8. Augustine (354–430) on the Death of Christ
9. Prosper of Aquitaine (c.390–c.455) on Redemption
10. Pope Leo the Great (400–461) on the Death of Christ
11. Peter Lombard (1100–1160) on the Death of Christ: Christ Died for All Sufficiently, for the Elect Efficiently
12. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) on the Death of Christ: Its Nature and Extent

II. Reformation Era

1. Johannes Oecolampadius (1482–1531) on the Death of Christ
2. Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) on the Unlimited Expiation and Unlimited Redemption
3. William Tyndale (1494–1536) on the Death of Christ
4. Juan de Valdés (1509–1541) on the Death of Christ
5. Martin Luther (1483–1546) on the Death of Christ
6. Martin Luther (1483–1546) on John 1:29 (unedited and complete)
7. Hugh Latimer (1487–1555) on the Death of Christ
8. John Hooper (d.1555) on the Death of Christ
9. Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556) on Death of Christ
10. Erasmus Sarcerius (1501–1559) on the Death of Christ
11. Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499–1562): Unlimited Redemption and Expiation, Incarnation and Related Issues
12. Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499–1562) on Hebrews 2:9 and 14
13. Augustine Marlorate (1506–1562) on the Death of Christ
14. Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563) on the Redemption of Mankind
15. John à Lasco (1499–1560) on the Death of Christ in his Compendium of Doctrine
16. John Calvin (1509–1564) on Unlimited Expiation, Sin-Bearing, Redemption and Reconciliation
17. Thomas Becon (1512–1567) on the Death of Christ
18. Miles Coverdale (1488–1568) on the Death of Christ
19. Pierre Viret on the Death of Christ
20. Benedictus Aretius (1505–1574) on the Death of Christ
21. Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on Unlimited Expiation and Unlimited Redemption
22. Thomas Lever (1521–1577) on Redeemed Souls Perishing
23. Rudolph Gualther (1519–1586) on the Death of Christ
24. Some Classic Calvinist Comments on Hebrews 10:29
25. Zachary Ursinus (1534–1583) on the Death of Christ
26. John Foxe (1517–1587) on the Death of Christ
27. Girolamo Zanchi (1516–1590) on the Death of Christ
28. Jeremias Bastingius (1551–1595) on the Death of Christ
29. Jacob Kimedoncius (d.1596) on the Death of Christ: Unlimited Expiation and Redemption
30. Robert Rollock (1555–1599) on the Death of Christ and Related Issues
31. Richard Hooker (1554–1600) on the Death of Christ (Select Comments)
32. William Bucanus (d.1603) on Unlimited and Limited Redemption
33. Batholomaeus Keckermann (1571–1609) on the Death of Christ
34. Henry Airay (1560–1616) on the Death of Christ
35. John Overall (1559–1619) on the Death of Christ
36. David Paraeus (1548–1622) on the Death of Christ: Unlimited Expiation and Redemption

III. Second Reformation Era

1. John Cameron (1579–1625) on the Death of Christ
2. John Preston (1587–1628): “Go Tell Every Man, ‘Christ is Dead For You'”
3. Ezekiel Culverwell (1553/4–1631) on Christ as the Deed of Gift to All Mankind
4. Richard Sibbes (1577–1635) on the Death of Christ
5. Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588–1638) (Wetterau Delegate to Dort) on the Death of Christ
6. John Davenant (1572–1641) on the Death of Christ
7. William Twisse (1578–1646), Westminster Divine and Forgotton Hypothetical Universalist
8. George Walker (1581–1651) Westminster Divine on the Death of Christ
9. Thomas Adams (1583–1652) on the Death of Christ
10. Robert Jenison (1584?–1652) on the Death of Christ
11. Henry Scudder (d.1652), Westminster Divine on the Death of Christ
12. Richard Vines (1600–1655/6) Westminster Divine on the Death of Christ
13. James Ussher (1581–1656) on the Extent and Intent of the Death of Christ
14. Bishop Joseph Hall (1574–1656) on Predestination and the Death of Christ
15. Francis Rous (1579–1659) (Westminster Assembly Lay-Assessor) on Christ’s Dying For All, as to the Sufficiency of the Sacrifice
16. Thomas Ball (1589/90–1659) on John Preston (1587–1628) on Universal Redemption
17. Johannes Bergius (1587–1658) on the Death of Christ
    
18. Paul Hobson (d.1666) on the Death of Christ
19. Jean Daille (1594–1670) on the Death of Christ
20. Thomas Gery (d.1670?) on the Death of Christ
21. Nathanael Hardy (1618–1670) on the Death of Christ
22. Joseph Truman (1631–1671) on the Death of Christ
23. Thomas Ford (1598–1674) Westminster Divine on the Death of Christ
24. Richard Maden (c.1591–1677) on the Death of Christ and the Will of God for the Salvation of All Men
25. Nathanael Holmes (1599–1678) on the Death of Christ
26. Nathaniel Stephens (1606?–1678) on the Death of Christ
27. Stephen Charnock (1628–1680) on the Death of Christ
28. John Bunyan (1628–1688) on the Death of Christ: Unlimited Expiation
29. Henry Hickman (d.1692.) on Universal Redemption in the Church of England, with Reference to the Synod of Dort, Ussher and Davenant
30. Obadiah Hughes, (The Elder) (d.1704) on the Death of Christ (From the Matthew Poole Commentaries)
31. John Howe (1630–1705) on the Redemption of Christ
32. Matthew Henry (1662-1714) on the Universal Redemption of Mankind
33. John Humfrey (1621–1719) on the Death of Christ

IV. Post-Reformation

1. James Saurin (1677–1730) on the Death of Christ
2. Experience Mayhew (1673–1758) on the Death of Christ
3. Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) on the Death of Christ
4. John Smalley (1734–1820) on the All-Sufficient Satisfaction of Christ
5. Jacob Catlin (1786–1826) on the Redemption of Christ
6. James Richards (1767–1843) on the Death of Christ and the Extent of the Atonement
7. Robert Balmer (1787–1844) on the Death of Christ: Mediating Between Two Extremes
8. Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847) on the Death of Christ
9. George Payne (1781–1848) on the Extent of the Atonement
10. Erskine Mason (1805–1851) on the Extent of the Atonement
11. Ralph Wardlaw (1779–1853) on the Extent of the Atonement
12. Leonard Woods (1774–1854) on the Extent of the Atonement
13. John Brown of Broughton (1784–1858) on the Death of Christ
14. Lyman Beecher (1775–1863) on the Atonement: Its Nature and Extent
15. Gardner Spring (1785–1873) on Election, Unlimited Atonement and the Free Offer
16. Henry B. Smith (1815–1877) on the Extent of the Atonement
17. Charles Hodge (1797–1878) on the Death of Christ
18. Samuel H. Cox (1793–1880) on the Extent of the Atonement
19. Ransom B. Welch (1824–1890) on James Richards (1767–1843) on the Death of Christ
20. James M Pendleton (1811–1891) on the Extent of the Atonement
21. W.G.T. Shedd (1820–1894) on the Death of Christ
22. Robert L. Dabney (1820–1898) on Unlimited Expiation and Limited Redemption
23. Alvah Hovey (1820–1903) on the Death of Christ
24. B. H. Carroll (1843–1914) on the Death of Christ
25. Broughton Knox (1916–1994) on “Limited Atonement”

Notes:

1. January 21, 2023: “Gottschalk defended his views at the council of Mainz in 848, where he went several degrees beyond Augustine’s theology by arguing that (i) Christ died only for the elect (the doctrine of “limited atonement”), and that (ii) the precise number of the non-elect is specified by an eternal decree of God, a predestination to death, which runs parallel to the decree of election to life (the doctrine of “reprobation”). Augustine had never explicitly taught these two ideas.”—Nick Needham, 2000 Years of Christ’s Power, 4 vols. (Geanies House, Fearn, Ross-shire, Scotland, U.K.: Christian Focus Publications, 2017), 2:72. One can scratch out his unnecessary word “explicitly,” since Gottshcalk’s “limited atonement” view is not even implicitly in Augustine either.
2.